who were the moors in othellovictorian square dim sum sparks nv
Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. Who were the Moors and Venetians in Othello? Instead, the concept of Moors has been used to describe alternatively the reign of Muslims in Spain, Europeans of African descent, and others for centuries. How can Othello's race affect his relationships with his wife and other characters? Today, the term Moor is used to designate the predominant Arab-Amazigh ethnic group in Mauritania (which makes up more than two-thirds of the countrys population) and the small Arab-Amazigh minority in Mali. Othello is initially referred to (by Roderigo and Iago) not by his name but as him and then his Moorship and then the Moor. The moors were Muslim (Othello converted to Christianity). and those from sub-Saharan Africa. How were the Moors regarded in Othello? 55). For him, it is clear that the differ-ence between Turks and Venetians is racial, not religious. While referring to Othello , Roderigo calls him a man with thick lips- "RODERIGO What a full fortune does the Thick-lips o. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. What are the Physical devices used to construct memories? TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Centuries of Muslim influence meant that many Muslim innovations, crops, goods, and words were spread to Spain. On 11/22/1629, and on 5/ 6/1635, it . Who is Katy mixon body double eastbound and down season 1 finale? There is some debate amongst experts as to what race Moor refers to in Othello; however, the most common interpretation is that Othello was black and most likely of African descent. Iago, fictional character, the villain of William Shakespeares tragedy Othello (written 160304). 220), a racist portrayal which makes Desdemonas unfaithfulness more believable to Roderigo. However, it was not uncommon for people during Shakespeares time to refer to someone who was simply darker in complexion as black. The disunity that occurred in Europe during the Middle Ages meant countries were more focused on fighting than funding scientific progress. same period) the word "Moor" meant "African". I feel like its a lifeline. '', Setting of Othello by William Shakespeare | Locations, Time & Analysis, Reflections of Impressionism in Auguste Rodin's Sculptures, Racism in Othello by William Shakespeare | Characters, Themes & Analysis, Brabantio in Othello by William Shakespeare | Quotes & Analysis, Othello's Soliloquy by William Shakespeare | Summary & Analysis, Othello by Shakespeare: Act 3 Scene 3 | Summary & Quotes, The Willow Song in Othello by William Shakespeare | Symbolism & Analysis, Othello & Desdemona in Othello by William Shakespeare | Relationship & Analysis, Foreshadowing in Othello by William Shakespeare | Examples & Analysis, Jealousy in Othello by Shakespeare | Theme, Quotes & Analysis. 79 lessons In the time of William Shakespeare, however, it was a perfectly socially acceptable thing to do. Othello was written some time between 1600 and 1605. ''Black'' here, by the way, can mean anyone who is not white, so it doesn't help us identify Othello's race any more than the word ''Moor'' does. Elizabethans used the word "moor" to refer to both What is the formula for calculating solute potential? Advertisement Shakespeares intent may never be certain, and the play has been successfully performed for hundreds of years, sometimes with Othello cast as a black man and sometimes with Othello cast as Arab. They are Aaron in Titus They thought themselves superior, and often attacked and belittled the Moors. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. After time in Venice, Othello is appointed general in the Venetian Army. The play derives its plot from Giambattista Giraldis De gli Hecatommithi (1565), which Shakespeare appears to have known in the Italian original; it was available to him in French but had not been translated into English. Shakespeare attended grammar school, but his formal education proceeded no further. When the Moors Ruled in Europe. As he is so forcefully set aside from the mainstream of the predominantly white 16th-century Venice, Italy, Othello is set up by Shakespeare and the other characters in the play as an ''other,'' or one who is outside the main culture and viewed somehow as less valuable because of it. When he is contemplating why Desdemona might be likely to cheat on him, he thinks, ''Haply, for I am black, and have not those soft parts of conversation that chamberers have.'' Ratings: 7.55 / 10 from 184 users . Othello is referred to as the Moor because of his dark skin color. Brabantio, incited to upset over Iagos words, also uses the term Moor to describe Othello. Who were the Moors and where were they from? Jealous of Othellos success and envious of Cassio, Iago plots Othellos downfall by falsely implicating Othellos wife, Desdemona, and Cassio in a love affair. There are some who interpret "Moor" as a Spanish Moor. Throughout the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the Venetian and Ottoman empires were trading partnersa mutually beneficial relationship providing each with access to key ports and valuable goods (fig. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. They were chiefly of Berber and Arab stock. Several of the characters within the play also refer to Othello with derogatory terms that point out his otherness, including names such as "the thick-lips," "an old black ram," and "a Barbary horse," referencing a horse from northwest coastal Africa, suggesting Othello is an Arab and uncultured. The term ''Moor'' in Shakespeare's Othello means someone who is not white and is meant to separate Othello on the basis of his race and culture. Where is the world is Othello? One of the most famous Moor characters was the main character in the Shakespeare play Othello. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. This religious organization is compiled of Americans who believe they and their ancestors were misclassified as African. The term moor refers to those born in Mauritania, or present day North Africa. Moors were Muslims and were therefore generally not liked by most Christians. In early 17th century England, Moors were ostracized for their unusual clothing, customs and habits. Nonetheless, there is still strong support from in-text descriptions that lead most people to believe Othello was a black Moor of African descent. Iago manipulates Othello through lies and innuendo into thinking that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. Posted on May 21, 2015 by rh161368. 5 Who were the Moors and what did they do? Although Othello is a Moor, and although we often assume he is from Africa, he never names his birthplace in the play. The word Moors derives from the Latin mauri, a name for the Berber tribes living in Roman Mauretania (modern day Algeria and Morocco). Who were the Moors? In the 17th century, Europeans used the term Moor to describe people of Berber and Arab descent, specifically Muslims, who had settled in the Maghreb region of North Africa. 15 Things You Did Not Know About the Moors of Spain. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. He described Moors as one of five main population groups on the continent alongside Egyptians, Abyssinians (Abassins), Arabians and Cafri (Cafates). The Moors originally came from North Africa. He frequently speaks of his experiences and woos others with his exotic stories. The Moors initially were the indigenous Maghrebine Berbers. Within 100 years this Islamic empire stretched from modern-day Morocco in North Africa to eastern Iran. Africans (or Moors, as they called them then.) After time in Venice, Othello is appointed general in the Venetian Army. It can also be used in verb form: the act of othering is the act of making someone an other, which is precisely what happens to Othello. They are Aaron in Titus He could not keep a calm mind and reason things out. He recognizes the fact that people see him differently and takes it upon himself to acknowledge it at times, but in the end, it is his "otherness" that pushes him over the edge. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Most moors were from northern Africa (Morroco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya & Egypt) and were olive-skinned with Mediterranean or Coptic features. What is are the functions of diverse organisms? Despite his military prowess, Othello is also portrayed as exotic, hypersexual, and untrustworthya lascivious Moor who secretly marries a white womanreflecting historic stereotypes of black people. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). All rights reserved, The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice. Venice, Italy in the late 1500s was populated primarily by white people. Besides , they were black, thickly lipped and had curly hair. both ways. In Spain, this was especially popular and in some stories, the Moorish origins are celebrated as an exotic culture and idealized. The Moors were considered to be very different from the Englishmen and hence, exotic. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Othello, was caused by men's misconceptions and misunderstanding of woman, and they are unable to do anything. When different people with different skin colour (like Othello's marriage) were considered above reproach in Shakespeare's time and were . The text published in the First Folio of 1623 seems to have been based on a version revised by Shakespeare himself that sticks close to the original almost line by line but introduces numerous substitutions of words and phrases, as though Shakespeare copied it over himself and rewrote as he copied. Learn about the Moors and their origin and history.. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Queen Elizabeth reigned, and was a very popular . and 1492 C.E. and 1492 C.E. Then Cassio started writhing around in the bed and kissing Iagos hand as if it were Desdemona. Throughout her coursework she has written and implemented several lesson plans in the classroom setting. In contrasting the Moors of the sixth century with another racial group in North Africa, Procopius (circa 550 A.D.) wrote that: "they were not [] Nathan Murphy received his B.A. Is Othello a Venetian soldier? Moreover, Shakespeare is known for pillaging his stories, and there was a Spanish King, Phillip II, who was of jealous nature and accused of strangling his wife in bed. All rights reserved. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The Roman dramatist Platus (254-184 B.C.) Othello is a Moorish military commander who was serving as a general of the Venetian army in defence of Cyprus against invasion by Ottoman Turks.He has recently married Desdemona, a beautiful and wealthy . 3. "Moors, Race, and the Study of English Renaissance Literature: A Brief Retrospective . Why do people say that forever is not altogether real in love and relationship. Additionally, a significant amount of words from Arabic continue to be used in Spanish and other European languages such as Algebra. These slender proofs confirm what Othello has been all too inclined to believethat, as an older black man, he is no longer attractive to his young white Venetian wife. The original Berbers , who were called Moors, were the North African ancestors of the present day dark brown/black people of the Sahara and Sahel, mainly those called Fulani, Tuareg, Sanhaja, Kunta, as well as the Trarza of Mauritania and Senegal , and various tribes presently living in Chad, Morocco and Algeria. The Rise of the Moors are a self-described 'militia group' that 'does not recognize' US laws. A History of Performance. Attitudes towards 'Moors': Othello is referred to as a 'Moor' frequently, which highlights his place as an outsider. Another group that suffered due to the Reconquista was the Jews who lived in Muslim Spain. O brave Iago, honest and just, / That hast such noble sense of . Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Rather, it is to find a single point of entry to help us think about the play as a whole. The term "Moor," which describes a dark skinned man from North Africa (not a Venetian), is used nine times in Act I, scene 1, all but once by Iago and Brabantio. Because of this loose usage, it's impossible to tell exactly what Othello's race is supposed to be, but it's very clear that Shakespeare and the other characters in the play wish to establish him as an ''other,'' or someone who is not part of the mainstream. William Shakespeares Life & Times Moors in Shakespeares England. the Arabian and Moorish forces went from landing in Spain to controlling a majority of the Iberian Peninsula. It was first performed in the Jacobean Era after King James I took the throne. Hence, Othello is naming his race, his otherness, as a primary reason why his wife might be unfaithful to him. Why do people say that forever is not altogether real in love and relationship. Although Othello is a Moor, and although we often assume he is from Africa, he never names his birthplace in the play. World authority on Shakespeare. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The wealthy Christian class began to dress in Muslim clothing and Moorish culture began to be coveted as an exotic culture. He has taught Anthropology, Geography, and Art History at the university level. The Quran was misinterpreted as the sources of these evil traits. (In Shakespeares time, the port city of Venice was ethnically diverse, and the Moors represented a growing interchange between Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Africa.) I feel like its a lifeline. This text suggests that early in the history of al-Andalus, Moor signied 'Berber.'. They were the wealthy, catholic people of Venice, who looked down on the dirty Moors . Desdemona in bed asleep as Othello plans to murder her. The Moors were known as monstrous and savage in Elizabethan England. Architects in Latin America began to revive the Moorish architectural style because the Moors represented a non-Spanish/Portuguese heritage and were an example of a group of people who fought Spanish rule successfully for centuries. Moroccans were also called as Moors. Create an account to start this course today. As you read, consider the relevance of this play in 21st century America and the world. Being a differenct skin color other than white meant you were non english and non christian. Its proof of the ongoing allure of Moor as a seemingly legitimate ethnic designationeven though its meaning has never been clear. analysis Othello mejia maria jose mejia fall 2022 dr. kaufman the role race plays in othello racism and discrimination have commonly devastated societies since . The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. She loves him and is faithful to him. Why was the decision Roe v. Wade important for feminists? The characters follow suit and perpetuate that ''otherness'' throughout the play. Scientists just confirmed a 30-foot void first detected inside the monument years ago. His officer Iago tricks him into believing that his wife Desdemona is having an affair with his Lieutenant, Michael Cassio. Many moors were dark-skinned with African features. Because they no longer existed anywhere in Western Europe Moors became mythical. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia. It is likely that Othello takes place during the Battle of Lepanto, where Othello leads the Venetian army to a Christian victory, proving his allegiance to Christian Europe. both ways. In the northern regions of Spain the influence was easily minimized, however, in southern Spain Muslim presence existed there so long that people hear use more words of Arabic origin. Despite originating on the African continent, in the eighth century the Moors conquered the Iberian Peninsulawhat we know today as Spain and Portugal. Africans (or Moors, as they called them then.) These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. During Roman times, Moors was a term used to refer to people who lived in Northwestern Africa. The Moors were a Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent who populated the Maghreb region of northwest Africa during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Over time, the strength of the Muslim state diminished, creating inroads for Christians who resented Moorish rule. and immigrants were considered low-class. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. He is often referred not by his name but by the color of his skin and his religious background, such as "the Moor" and "black Othello." The goal of the course is not to cover everything that has been written on Othello. This would have contributed to his status as an ''other.''. The term "Moor" came from the country named Mauritania, but it generally referred to all North Africans and West Africans and, for some people, all Muslims and non-whites. Followers established a religious government and began to expand the empire into old weakened empires such as the Byzantines. For instance, in the play ' The English Moor' written in 1640, there's a scene where a female character dresses as a moor to disguise herself. In A.D. 711, a group of North African Muslims led by the Berber general, Tariq ibn-Ziyad, captured the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal). A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. Spain no longer had regular contact with them and very few Christians lived in a Muslim government anymore. So he hatches a plot and tells a tale designed to put them in their place: to turn 'The divine Desdemona' (2.1.73) into the 'subtle whore' (4.2.21) he thinks every woman really is, and to turn the noble, eloquent Othello into a deranged wife-killer, who proves the racist's worst fears fully justified. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Create your account. The English playwrights of the 16th century William Shakespeare used the term Moor as a synonym for African and Christopher Marlowe used Moor and African interchangeably. He is brave, strong, and confident in his ability to lead his soldiers, but he is cast as an outsider due to his racial and cultural background. 2005, History - 102 min 119 Comments. Who is referred to as the Moor? 332 lessons. While it can mean many things, it's certain that the term is racially and culturally charged, and not in a flattering way. These animals can sniff it out. Jean-Franois Ducis, (born Aug. 22, 1733, Versailles, Francedied March 31, 1816, Versailles), French dramatist who made the first sustained effort to present William Shakespeare's tragedies on the French stage. She is Cassios jealous lover. They spread their technology, crops, and other innovations to the region. They instead believe that they are descended from the Moors of Spain and North Africa. Al-Andalus slowly became separate from the rest of the Muslim World and developed its unique culture which heavily influenced Spain, Portugal, their colonies, and Europe in general. Some of Elizabethan playwrights were interested to dramatize the Muslims and Arab Characters in their dramatic writings(Al-Olaqi, 2012: 1767). The government and rulers of this area changes several times over the centuries that is existed. When Shakespeare wrote Othello there had been minimal contact between the vast majority of Europeans and non-European groups such as the Moors, Africans, and Turks. Here Iago is drawing attention to Othello's racial otherness by calling him ''an old black ram'' and is being rude beyond that as ''tupping'' here means ''having sex with.''. . Othello (full title: The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare, probably in 1603.The story revolves around two characters, Othello and Iago. Africans. Beginning in the Renaissance, Moor and blackamoor were also used to describe any person with dark skin. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Also examine race issues today. Iago also uses plant images to explain his own role in the action of the play. It does not store any personal data. She actually stays in his house, in disguise: Quicksands dresses her up as a Moorish . Iago refers to Othello not by his name but as the Moor, calling him the devil (2.1. In Othello, Othello is described as having dark skin and is a general in the Venetian army fighting for Christianity. hero. After time in Venice, Othello is appointed general in the Venetian Army. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Even some Americans trace their ancestry back to the Moors too. The Alhambra, a Moorish palace and fortress in Granada, Spain, was described by poets as a "pearl set in emeralds. in The Merchant of Venice, who is something of a comic figure, and "It is a mistake to consider Othello to be of African or West Indian origin," he states. Between 711 C.E. Iberia was controlled by the Visigoths who were a Germanic tribe that helped dismantle the Roman Empire centuries earlier. During the War of Cyprus, the Turkish army invaded Cyprus, which led to a response from Spanish and Venetian fleets that ultimately led to the downfall of the Turks. same period) the word "Moor" meant "African". In 7th century when new religion of Islam was born in the Arabian Peninsula. Another major impact the Moors had was their architecture which stayed behind even after they were gone. Moorish buildings have influenced architects around the world, the Spanish language has countless words of Arabic origin, and Moorish characters were included in European literature for centuries. | 2 This golden age led to an influx of writers, philosphers and playwrights of one which is Shakespeare. Can we bring a species back from the brink? How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? North Africa) and the eastern-born Arabs. Othello is repeatedly "otherized" by the other characters in the play, beginning in Act 1, Scene 1 with Roderigo and Iago. How many nieces and nephew luther vandross have? For this reason, Al-Andalus became a beacon for European Jews and Muslim rule began a golden age of Jewish scholarship and thought in Europe because of this freedom. The Moors were known as monstrous and savage in Elizabethan England. Elizabethans used the word. Members of Moorish sovereign citizen groups claim they are descended from Moors who predated white settlers in North America, and that they are part of a sovereign nation and not subject to U.S. laws. The most famous Moor in the English-speaking world is of course the titular character in Shakespeare Othello. Despite many wars, the Muslims of Al-Andalus were able to maintain control of a majority of the peninsula for centuries. In this course, we'll read William Shakespeare's Othello and discuss the play from a variety of perspectives. Although generations of Spanish rulers have tried to expunge this . 1 The first record of a performance of Othello is an entry in the Accounts Book of Master of the Revels Edmund Tilney noting that on 1 November 1604 "the King's Majesty's players . Unauthorized use is prohibited. Othellos blackness is referred to several times in the play, and Shakespeare was no stranger to Christian Negroes. At the Battle of Tours near Poitiers, France, Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. North Africans and sub-Saharan Africans. In the broader Catholic faith of Latin America, Santiago is viewed as a saint who fought a mythical battle to expel the Moors from Spain. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Who is Katy mixon body double eastbound and down season 1 finale? Othello in Othello, who is the main character in the play, a tragic While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Who were the models in Van Halen's finish what you started video? The Venetians are the people of Venice, in Italy, were the play is set. Who were the Moors and Venetians in Othello? Throughout the play, he is set apart from the rest of the characters with labels and remarks that constantly point out his race. Moors is a term generally used by Europeans to describe the Muslim people of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. This Brazilian Palace was built in the 1800s in the Neo-Moorish style and is on the back of a Brazilian 50 Real note. Once the Moors were defeated by Spain in 1492, Muslim presence ended in Iberia after 700 years. What You'll Learn. Othello- Historical Context. These people came to Europe around 756 and ere driven by their Islamic beliefs. After time in Venice, Othello is appointed general in the Venetian Army. Means Black in Greek. This term typically refers to this historic group of people and their culture lives on in North African countries like Morocco. But who were the Moors, mostly known as the Islamic conquerors of Spain and Portugal . He certainly seems to take great pleasure in preventing Othello from enjoying marital happiness, and he expresses his love for Othello frequently and effusively. In Othello, the Moors were people of dark skin from eastern Africa and were Muslim. Not according to biology or history. Of mixed Arab, Spanish, and Amazigh (Berber) origins, the Moors created the Islamic Andalusian civilization and subsequently settled as refugees in the Maghreb (in the region of North Africa) between the 11th and 17th centuries. Othello takes pride in the services he has provided for the Venetian state but is aware of his differences. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Shakespeare's play Othello features a Moorish general in the Venetian army. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Mercenary Moors were, in fact, commonplace at the time. What type of electrical charge does a proton have? Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. When he learns from Emilia, too late, that his wife is blameless, he asks to be remembered as one who loved not wisely but too well and kills himself. Othello is called ''the Moor of Venice.'' Heres why each season begins twice. Read about Othello, the Moor of Venice. . Outside Iberia, the term Moor came to be used as generally someone who was Muslim or Black. However, by 1492 all jews and Muslims were told to either convert or leave the country. This presence even impacted broader European culture, traditions, and literature. There probably weren't a lot of nonwhite people to choose from, so he was most likely quite noticeable. Moorish architecture continues to live on through the Mosques that are being built all around the world. Omissions? Lauren has taught English at the university level and has a master's degree in literature. The Moors were a Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent who populated the Maghreb region of northwest Africa during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. His officer Iago tricks him into believing that his wife Desdemona is having an affair with his Lieutenant, Michael Cassio. Who were moors in Othello? He was incredibly influential in Russian literature and poetry but was not connected to the Moors of Spain or North Africa. There were people of different races, including Moors in England at the time but they weren't treated in the way they were in pre civil war . His large, sometimes monumental paintings feature realistic images, gorgeously built people, unusual perspectives, and Venetian themes. The Moor's origins in Spain begin here when North African Moors were conquered by the Islamic empire and agreed to help begin an invasion of Europe. Mauritania - is a . While a tax limits the ability to people to worship freely, in most European countries at the time people were not allowed to be Muslim at all and Jewish people were subject to constant persecution. Othello is the target of some pretty offensive racial remarks and ideas. Meaning being married to him has tarnished her reputation. The 'black moors' were descendants of servants and slaves. Advertise here! They were Black Muslims of Northwest African and the Iberian Peninsula during the medieval era. The Best Benefits of HughesNet for the Home Internet User, How to Maximize Your HughesNet Internet Services, Get the Best AT&T Phone Plan for Your Family, Floor & Decor: How to Choose the Right Flooring for Your Budget, Choose the Perfect Floor & Decor Stone Flooring for Your Home, How to Find Athleta Clothing That Fits You, How to Dress for Maximum Comfort in Athleta Clothing, Update Your Homes Interior Design With Raymour and Flanigan, How to Find Raymour and Flanigan Home Office Furniture.
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