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reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdftybee island beach umbrella rules

/Contents 4 0 R The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Federalism in India. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Email Address. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. Moreover, It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Population of the country It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. Federalism in Nigeria. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. /Length 14727 By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. 1. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. Your email address will not be published. 6 0 obj This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . Required fields are marked *. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. He rejects the assertion that ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. 74 . For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. /Font << Excellent, thanks a lot f The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. /Type /XObject document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. /F6 21 0 R And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. << Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. The Political Economy and Un-ending Search, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Federalism, Decentralisation and the Liberalisation of Business Environment in Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, Nigerian Pseudo-Federalism and the Agitations for Restructuring, The evolution of fiscal centralism and strong centre federalism in Nigeria An historical analysis, The Nigerian fiscal formulas and the agitations for resource control in the Niger delta region of. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. 3. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. /F5 18 0 R Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. (eds. The states were later increased to 30 states. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. %PDF-1.5 Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? Rt. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man.

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